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AT1 receptors in atherosclerosis: biological effects including growth, angiogenesis, and apoptosis

N. Werner and G. Nickenig*

Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie/Angiologie), Universitätskliniken des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany

* Dr. Georg Nickenig, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie/Angiologie), Universitätskliniken des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.

Abstract

Several recent studies have demonstrated a pivotal role of angiotensin II in the development of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, vascular and myocardial remodelling, and congestive heart failure. AT1 receptor-evoked oxidative stress has been implicated in all states of atherosclerosis, starting with the development of endothelial dysfunction and ultimately leading to plaque rupture and myocardial infarction. There is a broad body of evidence showing that growth and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells and unrestricted intra-plaque angiogenesis predis[ose to an accelerated onset and progression of atherosclerosis. The potent anti-atherosclerotic effects of inhibition of the renin angiotensin system by ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists are, at least in part, based on their interference with apoptotic and angiogenic processes leading ultimately to plaque stabilization and reduced coronary event rates.

Key Words: angiotensin II • AT1 receptor • reactive oxygen species • atherosclerosis • angiogenesis • apoptosis

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