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The European Society of Cardiology

Echocardiographic assessment of mitral regurgitation in patients with heart failure

Roland R Brandt*, Johannes Sperzel, Heinz F Pitschner and Christian W Hamm

Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany

Received 3 May 2004; accepted 25 May 2004.

* Roland R. Brandt, MD, FACC, Division of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231Bad Nauheim, Germany. Tel.: +49-6032-996-2202; fax: +49-6032-996-2227
r.brandt{at}kerckhoff-klinik.de

Abstract

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a promising new therapy for symptomatic patients with systolic heart failure despite optimized medical therapy and mechanical dyssynchrony in the setting of intraventricular conduction delay. The contractile discoordination may also involve the papillary muscles and result in functional mitral regurgitation which can be reduced by CRT. This review will discuss mechanisms and prognostic implications of mitral regurgitation, methods how to quantitate this valvular heart disease, and the role of mitral regurgitation in patients with mechanical dyssynchrony.

Key Words: Cardiac resynchronization therapy • Heart failure • Intraventricular conduction delay • Mitral regurgitation


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