Safety and tolerability of beta-blockers: prejudices and reality
Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
* Corresponding author. Tel: +49 221 478 32511, Fax: +49 221 478 32512, Email: erland.erdmann{at}uni-koeln.de
Beta-blockers substantially improve survival in chronic heart failure and after myocardial infarction. However, concern about side-effects may deter clinicians from prescribing these life-saving drugs. In reality, absolute contraindications are rare. Only 3–5% of patients are intolerant because of hypotension or bradycardia. Data from randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies show that most patients eligible to receive beta-blockers tolerate them well. Beta-blockers are not contraindicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); in fact, these patients also benefit because of their high cardiovascular risk. In patients with COPD, as in the elderly, beta-blockers should be started at a low dose and uptitrated slowly. Monitoring of lung function during initiation is important, as undiagnosed coexistent asthma could be revealed. When patients are unaware of the drug in use, erectile dysfunction (ED) is reported no more often with beta-blockers than with any other drug prescribed for heart failure or hypertension. However, when patients are aware of the potential side-effects of beta-blockers, the resultant anxiety may cause ED. Patients should be reassured that beta-blockers prolong life and in the great majority are not the cause of ED, which may rather be related to the underlying disease (diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis).
Key Words: Adverse effects • Angina pectoris • Anxiety • Impotence • Elderly • Coronary artery disease • Ischaemic heart disease