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© The European Society of Cardiology 2008. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

A changing paradigm for prevention of cardiovascular disease: emergence of the metabolic syndrome as a multiplex risk factor

Scott M. Grundy*

Center for Human Nutrition, Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9052, USA

* Corresponding author. Tel: +1 214 648 2890; fax: +1 214 648 4837.E-mail address: scott.grundy{at}utsouthwestern.edu

The traditional major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are cigarette smoking, hypertension, elevated serum cholesterol, and hyperglycaemia (diabetes). The majority of patients with CVD have multiple risk factors. In recent years a common pattern of multiple risk factors has emerged. This is the metabolic syndrome, which is driven largely by obesity. The metabolic syndrome is particularly important because it is a multiplex risk factor for both CVD and Type 2 diabetes. Although obesity is the primary cause of the metabolic syndrome, there are other endogenous and exogenous factors.

Key Words: Atherogenic dyslipidaemia • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular disease • Metabolic syndrome • Type 2 diabetes


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